Integrand size = 21, antiderivative size = 259 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt {c} x^{3/2} \left (b+c x^2\right )}{b \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right ) \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{c} x \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+c x^2}{\left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )|\frac {1}{2}\right )}{b^{3/4} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+c x^2}{\left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right ),\frac {1}{2}\right )}{b^{3/4} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \]
2*x^(3/2)*(c*x^2+b)*c^(1/2)/b/(b^(1/2)+x*c^(1/2))/(c*x^4+b*x^2)^(1/2)-2*(c *x^4+b*x^2)^(1/2)/b/x^(3/2)-2*c^(1/4)*x*(cos(2*arctan(c^(1/4)*x^(1/2)/b^(1 /4)))^2)^(1/2)/cos(2*arctan(c^(1/4)*x^(1/2)/b^(1/4)))*EllipticE(sin(2*arct an(c^(1/4)*x^(1/2)/b^(1/4))),1/2*2^(1/2))*(b^(1/2)+x*c^(1/2))*((c*x^2+b)/( b^(1/2)+x*c^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)/b^(3/4)/(c*x^4+b*x^2)^(1/2)+c^(1/4)*x*(cos(2*a rctan(c^(1/4)*x^(1/2)/b^(1/4)))^2)^(1/2)/cos(2*arctan(c^(1/4)*x^(1/2)/b^(1 /4)))*EllipticF(sin(2*arctan(c^(1/4)*x^(1/2)/b^(1/4))),1/2*2^(1/2))*(b^(1/ 2)+x*c^(1/2))*((c*x^2+b)/(b^(1/2)+x*c^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)/b^(3/4)/(c*x^4+b*x^2 )^(1/2)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.
Time = 10.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 55, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.21 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \sqrt {x} \sqrt {1+\frac {c x^2}{b}} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {1}{4},\frac {1}{2},\frac {3}{4},-\frac {c x^2}{b}\right )}{\sqrt {x^2 \left (b+c x^2\right )}} \]
(-2*Sqrt[x]*Sqrt[1 + (c*x^2)/b]*Hypergeometric2F1[-1/4, 1/2, 3/4, -((c*x^2 )/b)])/Sqrt[x^2*(b + c*x^2)]
Time = 0.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 274, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.06, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.333, Rules used = {1430, 1431, 266, 834, 27, 761, 1510}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1430 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {c \int \frac {x^{3/2}}{\sqrt {c x^4+b x^2}}dx}{b}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1431 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {c x \sqrt {b+c x^2} \int \frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {c x^2+b}}dx}{b \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 266 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 c x \sqrt {b+c x^2} \int \frac {x}{\sqrt {c x^2+b}}d\sqrt {x}}{b \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 834 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 c x \sqrt {b+c x^2} \left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {c x^2+b}}d\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {c}}-\frac {\sqrt {b} \int \frac {\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {b} \sqrt {c x^2+b}}d\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{b \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 c x \sqrt {b+c x^2} \left (\frac {\sqrt {b} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {c x^2+b}}d\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {c}}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {c x^2+b}}d\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{b \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 761 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 c x \sqrt {b+c x^2} \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+c x^2}{\left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right ),\frac {1}{2}\right )}{2 c^{3/4} \sqrt {b+c x^2}}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {c} x}{\sqrt {c x^2+b}}d\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{b \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1510 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 c x \sqrt {b+c x^2} \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+c x^2}{\left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right ),\frac {1}{2}\right )}{2 c^{3/4} \sqrt {b+c x^2}}-\frac {\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+c x^2}{\left (\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}\right )|\frac {1}{2}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{c} \sqrt {b+c x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b+c x^2}}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {c} x}}{\sqrt {c}}\right )}{b \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}}{b x^{3/2}}\) |
(-2*Sqrt[b*x^2 + c*x^4])/(b*x^(3/2)) + (2*c*x*Sqrt[b + c*x^2]*(-((-((Sqrt[ x]*Sqrt[b + c*x^2])/(Sqrt[b] + Sqrt[c]*x)) + (b^(1/4)*(Sqrt[b] + Sqrt[c]*x )*Sqrt[(b + c*x^2)/(Sqrt[b] + Sqrt[c]*x)^2]*EllipticE[2*ArcTan[(c^(1/4)*Sq rt[x])/b^(1/4)], 1/2])/(c^(1/4)*Sqrt[b + c*x^2]))/Sqrt[c]) + (b^(1/4)*(Sqr t[b] + Sqrt[c]*x)*Sqrt[(b + c*x^2)/(Sqrt[b] + Sqrt[c]*x)^2]*EllipticF[2*Ar cTan[(c^(1/4)*Sqrt[x])/b^(1/4)], 1/2])/(2*c^(3/4)*Sqrt[b + c*x^2])))/(b*Sq rt[b*x^2 + c*x^4])
3.4.85.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> With[{k = De nominator[m]}, Simp[k/c Subst[Int[x^(k*(m + 1) - 1)*(a + b*(x^(2*k)/c^2)) ^p, x], x, (c*x)^(1/k)], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, p}, x] && FractionQ[m] && I ntBinomialQ[a, b, c, 2, m, p, x]
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b/a, 4]}, Simp[( 1 + q^2*x^2)*(Sqrt[(a + b*x^4)/(a*(1 + q^2*x^2)^2)]/(2*q*Sqrt[a + b*x^4]))* EllipticF[2*ArcTan[q*x], 1/2], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[b/a]
Int[(x_)^2/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b/a, 2]}, S imp[1/q Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x^4], x], x] - Simp[1/q Int[(1 - q*x^2)/Sqrt[a + b*x^4], x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[b/a]
Int[((d_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp [d*(d*x)^(m - 1)*((b*x^2 + c*x^4)^(p + 1)/(b*(m + 2*p + 1))), x] - Simp[c*( (m + 4*p + 3)/(b*d^2*(m + 2*p + 1))) Int[(d*x)^(m + 2)*(b*x^2 + c*x^4)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d, m, p}, x] && !IntegerQ[p] && LtQ[m + 2*p + 1, 0 ]
Int[((d_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp [(b*x^2 + c*x^4)^p/((d*x)^(2*p)*(b + c*x^2)^p) Int[(d*x)^(m + 2*p)*(b + c *x^2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d, m, p}, x] && !IntegerQ[p]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[c/a, 4]}, Simp[(-d)*x*(Sqrt[a + c*x^4]/(a*(1 + q^2*x^2))), x] + Simp[d* (1 + q^2*x^2)*(Sqrt[(a + c*x^4)/(a*(1 + q^2*x^2)^2)]/(q*Sqrt[a + c*x^4]))*E llipticE[2*ArcTan[q*x], 1/2], x] /; EqQ[e + d*q^2, 0]] /; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e }, x] && PosQ[c/a]
Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 195, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.75
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {x}\, \left (2 \sqrt {\frac {c x +\sqrt {-b c}}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-c x +\sqrt {-b c}}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {x c}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, E\left (\sqrt {\frac {c x +\sqrt {-b c}}{\sqrt {-b c}}}, \frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}\right ) b -\sqrt {\frac {c x +\sqrt {-b c}}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-c x +\sqrt {-b c}}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {x c}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, F\left (\sqrt {\frac {c x +\sqrt {-b c}}{\sqrt {-b c}}}, \frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}\right ) b -2 c \,x^{2}-2 b \right )}{\sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}}\, b}\) | \(195\) |
risch | \(-\frac {2 \left (c \,x^{2}+b \right ) \sqrt {x}}{b \sqrt {x^{2} \left (c \,x^{2}+b \right )}}+\frac {\sqrt {-b c}\, \sqrt {\frac {\left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-b c}}{c}\right ) c}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (x -\frac {\sqrt {-b c}}{c}\right ) c}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, \sqrt {-\frac {x c}{\sqrt {-b c}}}\, \left (-\frac {2 \sqrt {-b c}\, E\left (\sqrt {\frac {\left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-b c}}{c}\right ) c}{\sqrt {-b c}}}, \frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}\right )}{c}+\frac {\sqrt {-b c}\, F\left (\sqrt {\frac {\left (x +\frac {\sqrt {-b c}}{c}\right ) c}{\sqrt {-b c}}}, \frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}\right )}{c}\right ) \sqrt {x}\, \sqrt {x \left (c \,x^{2}+b \right )}}{b \sqrt {c \,x^{3}+b x}\, \sqrt {x^{2} \left (c \,x^{2}+b \right )}}\) | \(214\) |
1/(c*x^4+b*x^2)^(1/2)*x^(1/2)*(2*((c*x+(-b*c)^(1/2))/(-b*c)^(1/2))^(1/2)*2 ^(1/2)*((-c*x+(-b*c)^(1/2))/(-b*c)^(1/2))^(1/2)*(-x*c/(-b*c)^(1/2))^(1/2)* EllipticE(((c*x+(-b*c)^(1/2))/(-b*c)^(1/2))^(1/2),1/2*2^(1/2))*b-((c*x+(-b *c)^(1/2))/(-b*c)^(1/2))^(1/2)*2^(1/2)*((-c*x+(-b*c)^(1/2))/(-b*c)^(1/2))^ (1/2)*(-x*c/(-b*c)^(1/2))^(1/2)*EllipticF(((c*x+(-b*c)^(1/2))/(-b*c)^(1/2) )^(1/2),1/2*2^(1/2))*b-2*c*x^2-2*b)/b
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 50, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.19 \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, {\left (\sqrt {c} x^{2} {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (-\frac {4 \, b}{c}, 0, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-\frac {4 \, b}{c}, 0, x\right )\right ) + \sqrt {c x^{4} + b x^{2}} \sqrt {x}\right )}}{b x^{2}} \]
-2*(sqrt(c)*x^2*weierstrassZeta(-4*b/c, 0, weierstrassPInverse(-4*b/c, 0, x)) + sqrt(c*x^4 + b*x^2)*sqrt(x))/(b*x^2)
\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {x^{2} \left (b + c x^{2}\right )}}\, dx \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {c x^{4} + b x^{2}} \sqrt {x}} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x} \sqrt {b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x}\,\sqrt {c\,x^4+b\,x^2}} \,d x \]